What is the issue between Shell Oil and Ogoni?

What is the issue between Shell Oil and Ogoni?

Shell halted drilling operations in the Niger delta’s Ogoniland in 1993, in response to protests against the environmental impact of extraction led by the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, who was executed with other activists by the military government two years later.

What happened to the Ogoni 9?

189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha’s mysterious death in 1998.

How many oil well are in Ogoni?

The Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) started operations in Ogoni land in Rivers State in 1958, drilling a total of 96 wells to bring nine oil fields onstream.

When was oil found in Ogoni?

The first of the area’s 52 oil wells was built in 1958. It started spilling oil in the 1990s, but was not repaired for 15 years.

What is Ogoni cleanup?

It called on the Federal Government of Nigeria, the oil and gas industry and communities to begin a comprehensive cleanup of the region and take coordinated action to end to all forms of illegal oil bunkering, crude theft, and artisanal refining of stolen crude causing oil contamination in Ogoniland.

What issue was central to the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni people which was organizing in the 1990s in Nigeria?

The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People began as a struggle against the exploitation of natural resources of Ogoniland by Shell Oil Company, a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, when in 1957 its Nigerian operations, Shell Nigeria, known as Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC), struck …

How many villages are in Ogoni?

The sub-groups are further divided into six clans–Nyo Kanana, Ken Khana, Babbe, Gokhana, Tai, and Eleme–which amongst them hold together 111 villages (African Affairs 1995, 326-7).

Who is Shell Darcy?

Shell Nigeria is the common name for Shell plc’s Nigerian operations carried out through four subsidiaries—primarily Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC)….Shell Nigeria.

Formerly Shell D’Arcy (1936–56)
Industry Oil & Gas
Founded 1936
Headquarters Rivers , Nigeria
Parent Shell plc

When did Ogoni clean up started?

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released its Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland in August 2011. The report was commissioned by and delivered to the Federal Government of Nigeria.

What is the full meaning of Hyprep?

HYDROCARBON POLLUTION REMEDIATION PROJECT (HYPREP)

How many languages are spoken in Ogoni?

five languages
The Ogoni languages, or Kegboid languages, are the five languages of the Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria. They fall into two clusters, East and West, with a limited degree of mutual intelligibility between members of each cluster.

How does oil pollution affect the Ogoni community?

The Ogoni community is exposed to hydrocarbons every day through multiple routes. While the impact of individual contaminated land sites tends to be localized, air pollution related to oil industry operations is all pervasive and affecting the quality of life of close to one million people.

How much oil has been spilled in Ogoniland?

Between 1976 and 1991, over two million barrels of oil polluted Ogoniland in 2,976 separate oil spills. It’s been more than 23 years since Ken Saro Wiwa and eight other Ogoni leaders were executed by the Nigerian government for standing up to Shell’s operations in their communities.

What is happening to the environment in Ogoniland?

In 2011, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released a damning environmental assessment of Ogoniland exposing extensive oil pollution and severe health risks including polluted drinking water.

What is the benzene contamination in Ogoniland?

In one community, at Nisisioken Ogale, in western Ogoniland, families are drinking water from wells that is contaminated with benzene- a known carcinogen-at levels over 900 times above World Health Organization guidelines. The site is close to a Nigerian National Petroleum Company pipeline.