How does iron cause cardiomyopathy?
Iron overload causes the accumulation of iron mainly in the heart, liver and endocrine glands causing damages to these organs. The accumulation of excess iron on the myocardium may cause iron-overload (or siderotic) cardiomyopathy (IOC), a leading cause of death in transfusion-dependent patients.
Why does iron overload cause cardiomyopathy?
The term iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) recently has been introduced to describe a secondary form of cardiomyopathy resulting from the accumulation of iron in the myocardium mainly because of genetically determined disorders of iron metabolism or multiple transfusions.
What is pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy?
Introduction. Cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease caused by functional abnormality of cardiac muscle and classified into primary cardiomyopathy and secondary cardiomyopathy. 1. Secondary cardiomyopathy is defined as cardiomyopathy caused by extrinsic factors including ischemia, hypertension and metabolic …
What is the role of iron in the management of cardiovascular disease?
This suggests iron has direct actions on cardiac function. There are several cellular mechanisms by which iron may improve cardiac function. Iron plays an important role in cellular oxygen storage (myoglobin) and cell metabolism, especially in tissues with a high energy demand, such as cardiomyocytes [61].
How does excess iron affect the heart?
Excess iron in your heart affects the heart’s ability to circulate enough blood for your body’s needs. This is called congestive heart failure. Hemochromatosis can also cause abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Reproductive problems.
How does iron overload cause CHF?
Excess body iron may accumulate in liver, spleen, heart, bone marrow, pituitary, pancreas and the central nervous system causing damage to these organs. IOC results from the accumulation of iron in the myocardium, and it is the leading cause of death in patients receiving chronic blood transfusion therapy (2).
What does the Frank-Starling law state?
The Frank-Starling Law is the description of cardiac hemodynamics as it relates to myocyte stretch and contractility. The Frank-Starling Law states that the stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as the left ventricular volume increases due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful systolic contraction.
Can excess iron increase the risk of heart disease?
Excessive iron has been proposed to be a potent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), especially for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
How does low ferritin affect your heart?
Iron deficiency anemia may lead to a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Your heart must pump more blood to compensate for the lack of oxygen carried in your blood when you’re anemic. This can lead to an enlarged heart or heart failure.
Why does hepcidin decrease iron absorption?
Hepcidin reduces the iron entry to plasma from absorptive duodenal cells and iron recycling macrophages by blocking iron export (Aschemeyer et al., 2018) and by degrading the iron exporter ferroportin (Nemeth et al., 2004).
What is the pathophysiology of iron-overload cardiomyopathy?
Iron-overload cardiomyopathy is a an important and potentially reversible cause of heart failure at an international scale and involves diastolic dysfunction, increased susceptibility to arrhythmias and a late-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. The early diagnosis of iron-overload cardiomyopathy is criti …
What is the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia?
According to the conventional IHD pathophysiological point of view, an obstructive plaque that inhibits blood flow, through the coronary artery, triggers myocardial ischemia. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined by the presence of an obstructive atherosclerotic plaque, which causes a blood flow reduction to the myocardium (Figure 1).
Does iron-deficiency anemia cause cardiomyopathy?
Despite numerous published observations regarding the effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the heart, ours is the 1st review of the cardiomyopathy of iron deficiency in the English-language medical literature. We also describe a representative case. Case Report.
What is the pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia?
Body’s iron stores are depleted, RBC production proceeds normally with hemoglobin content remaining normal Reduction in iron transport to bone marrow, causing iron-deficient RBC production (hemoglobin content of RBC is reduced) Small, hemoglobin-deficient cells enter circulation, replacing normal RBC